| Reverse-phase chromatography | RPC | Non-polar (e.g. C18) | Polar mixture of water and organic solvent (e.g. acetonitrile) | Water-soluble samples |
| Normal-phase chromatography | NPC | Polar ( e.g. unbonded silica) | Less-polar (than stationary phase) mixture of organic solvents (e.g. hexane, ethyl ether, chloroform, methylene chloride) | Water-insoluble samples, isomer separation, and preparative HPLC |
| Non-aqueous reverse-phase chromatography | NARP | Non-polar (e.g. C18) | Mixture of organic solvents (e.g. ACN + methylene chloride) | Very hydrophobic samples |
| Hydrophilic interaction chromatography | HILIC | Polar (e.g. silica or amide-bonded) | Mixture of water organic solvents (e.g. ACN + H2O | Highly polar samples that are poorly retained by reverse-phase mode |
| Ion-exchange chromatography | IEC | Usually an organic resin that has charged groups able to bind ions of opposite charge | Aqueous solution of a salt with buffer. | Separating ionizable samples, large biomolecules (e.g. proteins, carbohydrates) |
| Ion-pair chromatography | IPC | Non-polar (e.g. C18) | Polar mixture of water and organic solvent (e.g. ACN) w/ an ion-pairing reagent (e.g. alkylsulfonates, trifluoroacetic acid) that interacts w/ sample ions of oposite charge | Acids and bases that are weekly retained by reverse-phase |
| Size-exclusion chromatography | SEC | Inert | Aqueous or organic | Large biomolecules, polymers. Separates by molecular weight. |
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